If youre searching for a place to share your software expertise, start contributing to InfoQ. Right at the beginning of the development of new applications with Apache Kafka, the all-important question arises:what name do I give my Topics? But Kafka can get complex at scale. Apache Kafka: Ten Best Practices to Optimize Your Deployment - InfoQ Apache Kafka is a widely popular distributed streaming platform that thousands of companies like New Relic, Uber, and Square use to build scalable, high-throughput, and reliable real-time streaming systems. Provide ZooKeeper with strong network bandwidth using the best disks, storing logs separately, isolating the ZooKeeper process, and disabling swaps to reduce latency. 14 We are using Kafka as messaging system between micro-services. Especially with a topic or partition limit, as is common with many managed Apache Kafka providers, this can lead to a real problem. Example: Using pricingengine as application name to avoid coupling. While a large Kafka deployment may call for five ZooKeeper nodes to reduce latency, the load placed on nodes must be taken into consideration. Now we can randomly partition on the first stage, where we partially aggregate the data and then partition by the query ID to aggregate the final results per window. We keep snapshot messages manually associated with the partitions of the input topic that our service reads from. Any solutions offered by the author are environment-specific and not part of the commercial solutions or support offered by New Relic. Topic Naming: The Wild West Imagine a company building a simple order management system using Kafka as its backbone. QCon New York International Software Conference returns this June 13-15. The best practices presented here have been gained from various projects with a wide range of customers and industries. Leadership requires a lot of network I/O resources. Third, attaining an optimum balance in terms of partition leadership is more complex than simply spreading the leadership across all brokers. in the consumer) or when assigning rights via ACLs. Also between different departments, one and the same data set can have a completely different name (ubiquitous language). Becoming an editor for InfoQ was one of the best decisions of my career. The data rate also specifies the minimum performance a single consumer needs to support without lagging. Kafka will apply murmur hash on the key and modulo with number of partitions so it i.e. This article is a list of recommendations that have proven useful in the past when naming topics. 1. Save Your Seat, Facilitating the Spread of Knowledge and Innovation in Professional Software Development. By the way,Apache Kafka generally supports wildcardswhen selecting topics, for example when consuming data (i.e. The methodology used for naming topics naturally depends on the size of the company and the system landscape. Also between different departments, one and the same data set can have a completely different name (ubiquitous language). Therefore, in general, the more partitions there are in a Kafka cluster, the higher the throughput one can achieve. Troubleshoot faster with New Relic's infrastructure monitoring, Log monitoring for cloud-native architectures, Analyze Amazon Security Lake logs for a complete understanding of security, How to import Google Cloud logs without an agent, 2008-23 New Relic, Inc. All rights reserved, Learn more about infrastructure monitoring with New Relic, cant scale to meet demand or are otherwise unreliable, Using Apache Kafka for real-time event processing at New Relic, Effective Strategies for Kafka Topic Partitioning. : public.com.xeotek.sales.ecommerce.shoppingcarts. Readers who have already experienced the attempt to create a uniform, company-wide data model (there are many legends about it!) The Kafka configuration parameter to consider for rack deployment is: As stated in the Apache Kafka documentation: When a topic is created, modified or replicas are redistributed, the rack constraint will be honoured, ensuring replicas span as many racks as they can (a partition will span min(#racks, replication-factor) different racks). from all versions), the next problem already arises when writing data back to a topic: do you write to only one topic or do you split the outgoing topics into the respective versions again, because downstream processes might have a direct dependency on the different versions of the topic? Australia Post uses New Relic to correlate and identify logistic changes. Monitor your brokers for network throughputboth transmit (TX) and receive (RX)as well as disk I/O, disk space, and CPU usage. We have a kafka consumer listening to a particular topic and then publishing the data into another topic to be picked up by Kafka Connector who is responsible for publishing it into some data storage. In particular, if you have a bunch of different events that you want to publish to Kafka as messages, do you put them in the same topic, or do you split them across different topics? As of Kafka version 0.10.2.1, monitoring the log-cleaner log file for ERROR entries is the surest way to detect issues with log cleaner threads. 11 However, it is not very conducive to collaboration if it is not clear which topic is to be used and which data it carries. While many accounts are small enough to fit on a single node, some accounts must be spread across multiple nodes. A number of valuable security features were included with Kafkas .9 release, such as Kafka/client and Kafka/ZooKeeper authentication support, as well as TLS support to protect systems with public internet clients. Monitoring system metrics such as network throughput, open file handles, memory, load, disk usage, and other factors is essential, as is keeping an eye on JVM stats, including GC pauses and heap usage. (We refer to these as "rebalance storms"). Since topics cannot technically be grouped into folders or groups, it is important tocreate a structure for groupingand categorization at least via the topic name. For efficiency of storage and access, we concentrate an accounts data into as few nodes as possible. As you can imagine, this resulted in some pretty bad hot spots on the unlucky partitions. It has to be placed under the "lib" folder of the Kafka (classpath). Its important to understand that running log cleanup consumes CPU and RAM resources; when using Kafka as a commit log for any length of time, be sure to balance the frequency of compactions with the need to maintain performance. Another consideration is data center rack zones. What is the best practice for naming kafka topics? Best Practices for Running Apache Kafka on AWS To understand these best practices, youll need to be familiar with some key terms: Message:A record or unit of data within Kafka. integrations to start monitoring your stack for free. If possible, the best partitioning strategy to use is uncorrelated/random. The topic configurations have a server default property. Note that a RF of 1 can lead to offline partitions during a rolling update; and a RF of 2 may lead to data loss. Learn how you can too. Thank you for participating in the discussion. Tune your consumer socket buffers for high-speed ingest. You measure the throughout that you can achieve on a single partition for production (call it p) and consumption (call it c ). In order to be able to name the data, it is, therefore, necessary to specify the domain and, if applicable, the context. Kent Beck discusses dealing with refactoring. Shifting left can be used to improve test design and lead to faster, more effective CI/CD pipelines. I wrote an article about the naming of streams or topics. In addition to providing me with a platform to share learning with a global community of software developers, InfoQs peer-to-peer review system has significantly improved my writing. In hopes of reducing that complexity, Id like to share 20 of New Relics best practices for operating scalable, high-throughput Kafka clusters. InfoQ Homepage The Events Pipeline team at New Relic processes a huge amount of event data on an hourly basis, so were thinking about Kafka monitoring and this question a lot. How to name your topic/streams correctly - Topic Naming Conventions Leaders may also have to read from disk; followers only write. One of the most important and overarching Kafka best practices for IT teams to follow is to "automate, automate, automate," said Gwen Shapira, product manager at Confluent, a platform that facilitates the deployment of Kafka. and the structure in the sense of the Reverse Domain Name Notation (reverse-DNS) has proven itself. know the problem: not only that there can be distinctions between technical and business names. If possible, break large messages into ordered pieces, or simply use pointers to the data (such as links to S3). However, explicitly marking the data as private or public with a corresponding prefix prevents other users from mistakenly working with unofficial, perhaps even experimental data without knowing it. Package the jar. Are there some improvements about your assumptions and or new experiences you could probably share with us? Of course, this method of partitioning data is also prone to hotspots. Also, in the "server.properties," you can define two properties: Let's go back to the Kafka binary folder (local machine) and issue the topic creation command again. At the same time, alerting systems such as Nagios or PagerDuty should be configured to give warnings when symptoms such as latency spikes or low disk space arise, so that minor issues can be addressed before they snowball. Apache Kafka: Topic Naming Conventions - Shawn Seymour The Message class. The separation by a dot (.) Consumers 3. If kadeck is not suspended, they can still re-publish their posts from their dashboard. This diagram shows that events matching to the same query are all co-located on the same partition. Partition count is a topic-level setting, and the more partitions the greater parallelization and throughput. This is the Java record that we will use as Kafka message. The data rate dictates how much retention space, in bytes, is needed to guarantee retention for a given amount of time. Kafka on the Shore - Kafka on the Shore (, Umibe no Kafuka) is a 2002 novel by Japanese author Haruki Murakami. We do this in situations where were using Kafka to snapshot state. Kafka Best Practices-Topic, Partitions, Consumers, Producers and Brokers Writing an extra hop to Kafka and having to split the service into two means that we spend more on network and service costs. In KaDeck Web, for example, the various teams can be granted rights for the independent creation of topics, provided that the topics correspond to a defined naming scheme. The default log segment size is 1 GB, and if your messages are larger you ought to take a hard look at the use case. Proper management means everything for the resilience of your Kafka deployment. Compacted topics require memory and CPU resources on your brokers. If the application can read from several topics at the same time (e.g. Each message has a key and a value, and optionally headers. Brokers But First, a Quick Rundown of Kafka and Its Architecture Kafka is an efficient distributed messaging system providing built-in data redundancy. We'd love to have more people join our team. You can subscribe to all topics that match the specified pattern to get dynamically assigned partitions. Configure retries on your producers. The complexity arises when you are trying to enforce a standard way of defining topic naming. One of the most important configurations as discussed above is the replication factor. It contains 14 recipes each written in the . At the latest, however, a decision must be made when going live in order to prevent a proliferation of naming schemes. By providing such links, New Relic does not adopt, guarantee, approve or endorse the information, views or products available on such sites. For a full list of topic level configurations see this. 16. In this article, I present the best practices that have proven themselves in my experience and that scale best, especially for larger companies. Once unsuspended, kadeck will be able to comment and publish posts again. and the structure in the sense of the Reverse Domain Name Notation (reverse-DNS) has proven itself. For Java and JVM tuning, try the following: Minimize GC pauses by using the Oracle JDK, which uses the new G1 garbage-first collector. Learn how to simplify your troubleshooting with logs in context. However, there are instances where youd need to partition on an attribute. Deleting the Topic. ; user-log: is used for publishing serialized User object. There are three main reasons for this: First, consumers of the "hot" (higher throughput) partitions will have to process more messages than other consumers in the consumer group, potentially leading to processing and networking bottlenecks. Unless you have architectural needs that require you to do otherwise, use random partitioning when writing to topics. Monitor system metrics such as network throughput, open file handles, memory, load, disk usage, and JVM stats like GC pauses and heap usage. A "hot" partition might carry 10 times the weight of another partition in the same topic. Take care and stay healthy.Regards,Sebastian, A round-up of last weeks content on InfoQ sent out every Tuesday. There are different opinions and a lot of confusion about the naming of Topics. Because partitions are always revoked at the start of a rebalance, the consumer client code must track whether it has kept/lost/gained partitions or if partition moves are important to the logic of the application. Design high-throughput consumers to implement back-pressure when warranted; it is better to consume only what you can process efficiently than it is to consume so much that your process grinds to a halt and then drops out of the consumer group. The second block is application-specific. Your monthly guide to all the topics, technologies and techniques that every professional needs to know about. Kafka optimization is a broad topic that can be very deep and granular, but here are four highly utilized Kafka best practices to get you started: 1. The user, the action and the affected topic can be traced via an audit log integrated in KaDeck. If there are more consumers in a group than partitions, some consumers will be idle. Consumers should consume into fixed-sized buffers (see the Disruptor pattern), preferably off-heap if running in a Java virtual machine (JVM). You can bring in data from any digital source so that you can fully understand how to improve your system. However, one thing is crucial: dont do too little, but dont overdo it either! There are different opinions and a lot of confusion about the naming of Topics. In Kafka 0.8.x, the parameter is socket.receive.buffer.bytes, which defaults to 100kB. Second, topic retention must be sized for the partition with the highest data rate, which can result in increased disk usage across other partitions in the topic. The article contains five recommendations that have been proven in practice and make sense from my point of . Another consideration is data center rack zones. The example demonstrates topic creation from the console with a replication-factor of three and three partitions with other topic level configurations: bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper ip_addr_of_zookeeper:2181 --create --topic my-topic --partitions 3 --replication-factor 3 --config max.message.bytes=64000 --config flush.messages=1. Your message is awaiting moderation. Usingapplication namesas part of the topic name can also be problematic: a stronger coupling is hardly possible. Again, spinning disks are still largely preferred for most deployments but not all.Hope that helps others. Once the structural design has been determined, it is a question of what we want to structure in the first place: so what all belongs in the topic name? For an existing topic invalid.valid, it should work as follows: Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own. Feel free to let me know (Twitter: @benjaminbuick or the Xeotek team via @xeotekgmbh)! Please join us exclusively at the Explorers Hub (discuss.newrelic.com) for questions and support related to this blog post. Best Practices for Apache Kafka - 5 Tips Every Developer - Confluent This is a blog post from our Community Stream: by developers, for developers. Used by more than 30% of the Fortune 500, today, Kafka is used for countless use cases, from high-performance data pipelines and streaming analytics, to application integration, and IoT solutions. Because batch.size is a per-partition setting, producer performance and memory usage can be correlated with the number of partitions in the topic. An example configuration for security setup with SASL_SSL: Its a scenario that occurs too often: brokers go down from what appears to be too much load, but in reality is a benign (though nonetheless stressful) too many open files error. ; Let's note down a few crucial points. At recent conferences in San Francisco and London, the speakers clearly showed what "scalable" can really mean, from a trillion messages to exabytes of data. We partition its topic according to how the shards are split in the databases. Spring Boot and Kafka - Practical Example If a consumer goes away, the partition is assigned to another consumer in the group. And in terms of domain-driven design (DDD): in which domain is the data located? 9. We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. When separating with dots, it is recommended (as with domains) toavoid capitalization: write everything in lower case. But what is the name of the data contained in the topic? The proposed naming scheme for topics works very well in this combination: both, the recommended separation of private and public topics, as well as the use of domain names as part of the name, allow access for teams from different domains to be created and controlled very intuitively and quickly. For example, the production Kafka cluster at New Relic processes more than 15 million messages per second for an aggregate data rate approaching 1 Tbps. The exception proves the rule: perhaps another dimension to structure your topics makes sense, or some of the ideas Ive listed to the list of approaches to avoid make sense in your case. For example, if you have multiple online transaction processing (OLTP) systems using the same cluster, isolating the topics for each system to distinct subsets of brokers can help to limit the potential blast radius of an incident. Software architect and engineer with a passion for data streaming and distributed systems. As you can see: this will quickly get you into hot water. Let's start with introduction of Apache Kafka. Kafka topic naming conventions - 5 recommendations with examples Meet New Relic Grok, the first GenAI assistant for observability. In this article, I present the best practices that have proven themselves in my experience and that scale best, especially for larger companies. An alternative method that gets straight into testing is to use one partition per broker per topic, and then to check the results and double the partitions if more throughput is needed. Readers who have already experienced the attempt to create a uniform, company-wide data model (there are many legends about it!) pricingengine) can often be used as a good alternative in the sense of Domain-Driven Design. Set up a three-AZ cluster. But quickly turning away from Comparative Literature 101, being certain that youre following the latest Kafka best practices can make managing this powerful data streaming platform much, much easier and considerably more effective. Best Practices. test-log and user-log. In Kafka 0.10.x, the parameter is receive.buffer.bytes, which defaults to 64kB. It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink. Live Webinar and Q&A: More Wood & Less Arrows: How to Build an Efficient Cloud Application Architecture (June 22, 2023) The source topic in our query processing system shares a topic with the system that permanently stores the event data. Creating a Topic in a Kafka cluster is easy and is well documented for kafka-topics.sh or even the official API documentation. However, the name of the domain service (e.g. So no need to repeat this in every topic name. For sustained, high-throughput brokers, provision sufficient memory to avoid reading from the disk subsystem. Event Design and Event Streams Best Practices - Confluent If an account becomes too large, we have custom logic to spread it across nodes, and, when needed, we can shrink the node count back down. Set topicName to a queue name or Kafka topic. Lastly, if you're interested in monitoring things like retention and replication, throughput, and consumer lag within your Kafka systems, take a look at our on-host integration. If the jar has been loaded successfully, you should see an error reported as below: You can modify the pattern now as per your convenience and re-deploy the jar to check the new custom topic policies. Either disable automatic topic creation or establish a clear policy regarding the cleanup of unused topics. know the problem: not only that there can be distinctions between technical and business names. Learn how to simplify your troubleshooting with logs in context. I would suggest you to experiment all your key options with a simple murmur2 function written in java to see the distribution . 11. The table below highlights some of the console operations dependent on Zookeeper in different Kafka versions. If youre looking to increase your Kafka expertise, review the operations section of the Kafka documentation, which contains useful information about manipulating a cluster, and draws on experience from LinkedIn, where Kafka was developed. If in your use case you dont require past logs, you can have Kafka delete log files of a certain file size or after a set length of time by setting cleanup.policy to delete. You can also set it to compact to hold onto logs when required. This means that teams within their own area (domain) can avoid a bureaucratic process and create and delete topics at short notice, e.g. And I can also disseminate my learnings to the wider tech community and understand how the technologies are used in the real world. Over 2 million developers have joined DZone. Get the most out of the InfoQ experience. Rather than always revoking all partitions at the start of a rebalance, the consumer listener only gets the difference in partitions revoked, as assigned over the course of the rebalance. This does not solve the problem of handling versions in downstream processes, but the overview is not lost. Try to keep the Kafka heap size below 4 GB. A partition in Kafka is the storage unit that allows for a topic log to be separated into multiple logs and distributed over the Kafka cluster. However, it is not very conducive to collaboration if it is not clear which topic is to be used and which data it carries. Kafka Topics Naming - DZone But it can impact the consumers, so its recommended to perform this operation after addressing all consequences. Producers decide which topic partition to publish to either randomly (round-robin) or using a partitioning algorithm based on a messages key. Producers 4. The proposed naming scheme for topics works very well in this combination: both, the recommended separation of private and public topics, as well as the use of domain names as part of the name, allow access for teams from different domains to be created and controlled very intuitively and quickly. Apache Kafka: Topic Naming Conventions - DEV Community Kafka topic naming conventions - 5 recommendations with examples # javascript # database # cloud # devjournal There are different opinions and a lot of confusion about the naming of Topics. By default, when a rebalance happens, all consumers drop their partitions and are reassigned new ones (which is called the eager protocol). InfoQ seeks a full-time Editor-in-Chief to join C4Media's international, always remote team. To reduce this partition shuffling on stateful services, you can use the StickyAssignor. Early versions of Kafka did not tolerate disk failures - given there would be 10-24 disks in an enterprise broker configuration, this meant that it was very susceptible to failures from a single disk failing!! Apache Kafka Security 101 | Confluent You can tune log.cleaner.dedupe.buffer.size and log.cleaner.threads on your brokers, but keep in mind that these values affect heap usage on the brokers. You should have good reasons for these approaches (and there may well be), otherwise, it is best to avoid them. 13 min Adam Bellemare Staff Technologist, Office of the CTO (Presenter) This module covers a few best practices related to events and event streams. 5 Rules of Thumb when it comes to naming Kafka Topics. Using application names as part of the topic name can also be problematic: a stronger coupling is hardly possible. While the event volume is large, the number of registered queries is relatively small, and thus a single application instance can handle holding all of them in memory, for now at least. integrations to start monitoring your stack for free. Compaction is a process by which Kafka ensures retention of at least the last known value for each message key (within the log of data for a single topic partition). Low overhead and horizontal-scaling-friendly design of Kafka makes it possible to use inexpensive commodity hardware and still run it quite successfully. For a closer look at working with topic partitions, seeEffective Strategies for Kafka Topic Partitioning. Particularly in larger companies, it can make sense to mark cross-domain topics and thus control access and use. To enforce topic naming rules, be sure to set theauto.create.topics.enablesetting for your Apache Kafka broker tofalse. Australia Post uses New Relic to correlate and identify logistic changes. Tom Wanielista shares the details on Lyfts journey to continuous delivery, the benefits and challenges. We need to use the @JsonProperty annotations for the record fields so Jackson can deserialize it properly. As a vendor of a datastream exploration and management software for Apache Kafka & Amazon Kinesis (Xeotek KaDeck), we have probably seen and experienced almost every variation in practical use. The values here depend on several factors: producer data rate (both the size and number of messages), the number of partitions you are producing to, and the amount of memory you have available. I started writing news for the InfoQ .NET queue as a way of keeping up to date with technology, but I got so much more out of it. sales.ecommerce.shoppingcarts. Keep in mind that larger buffers are not always better because if the producer stalls for some reason (say, one leader is slower to respond with acknowledgments), having more data buffered on-heap could result in more garbage collection. This approach allows us to greatly condense the larger streams at the first aggregation stage, so they are manageable to load balance at the second stage. How to create Kafka consumers and producers in Java Join us to cover the most innovative technologies of our time, collaborate with the world's brightest software practitioners, and help more than 1.6 million dev teams adopt new technologies and practices that push the boundaries of what software and teams can deliver! by Each partition has a leader and one or more replicas (copies of the data) that exist on followers, providing protection against a broker failure. They can still re-publish the post if they are not suspended. Sharing a single Kafka cluster across multiple teams and different use cases requires precise application and cluster configuration, a rigorous governance process, standard naming conventions, and best practices for preventing abuse of the shared resources. Martin Kleppmann Author If you adopt a streaming platform such as Apache Kafka, one of the most important questions to answer is: what topics are you going to use? Sebastian Morkisch, Hi Ben, Thanks for your nice Article. Both of these default values are too small for high-throughput environments, particularly if the networks bandwidth-delay product between the broker and the consumer is larger than a local area network (LAN). Defining the Solution There are a number of different ways to secure a Kafka cluster depending on one's requirements.
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